American Lifeguard Practice Exam

What do the weakness on one side of the face and slurred words typically indicate in a patron who collapses?

1. A concussion.

2. A stroke.

3. Exhaustion.

4. A heart attack.

The correct answer is: A stroke.

The presence of weakness on one side of the face and slurred speech are classic symptoms of a stroke. A stroke occurs when there is an interruption of blood flow to the brain, which can lead to the rapid onset of neurological deficits. When a person exhibits weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, along with difficulties in speaking, it indicates that part of the brain responsible for motor control and speech may be affected. In contrast, while a concussion can result from a blow to the head and can cause various symptoms such as confusion and dizziness, it does not typically manifest with unilateral facial weakness and slurred speech in the same acute manner. Exhaustion, though it can lead to collapse, generally does not produce specific neurological signs like facial drooping or speech issues. A heart attack primarily affects the cardiovascular system and may present with symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or sweating, but not specifically the neurological signs associated with a stroke. Therefore, recognizing the combination of facial weakness and slurred speech is crucial in identifying a stroke, allowing for prompt medical intervention, which can significantly affect outcomes.